最后这一种说法,跟前面提到的膳食纤维有关。2019年,《国际环境研究与公共卫生杂志》(InternationalJournal of Environmental Research and Public Health)上发布了一项研究。 来自马来西亚的研究人员找来了17位成年的健康年轻男性,就对比了餐前吃和餐后吃水果(120克红苹果)和不吃水果(对照组)对饱腹感和食欲的影响。结果发现,和不吃水果和饭后吃水果的人相比,饭前吃水果的人,在后续饮食中减少了18.5% (166 kcal) 的热量摄入,而且食欲相关激素胰高血糖素样肽1(GLP-1) 会增加——这种激素会促进胰岛素分泌、抑制胰高血糖素分泌、延长胃排空时间、抑制食欲。也就是说,饭前吃水果增强饱腹感,不仅有助于减少热量摄入,还可以抑制食欲,甚至可能对控制血糖有点帮助。
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